Manufacturing is an important economic activity in the United States. Manufacturing-dependent counties tend to be concentrated in the East North Central States and the South and are primarily nonmetropolitan. The recession of 2007-09, outsourcing production to foreign counties, competition from abroad, and the high value of the dollar have all led to job losses in manufacturing counties. The number of manufacturing counties fell by over 40 percent from 882 counties in 2001 to 506 in 2010-12. Manufacturing had traditionally been the dominant sector in many metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties. Eleven large metros, nearly all in or near the Rustbelt, had a net outflow of migrants, including Chicago, Detroit, Memphis, Philadelphia, and St. ![]() The metros with the highest levels of population growth due to migration are a mix of knowledge-based economies and Sunbelt metros, including Houston, Dallas, Miami, DC, San Francisco, Seattle, and Austin. Most large metros, those with at least a million residents, had more people coming in than leaving. ![]() Areas seeing rapid population growth aren't as dependent on healthcare. Manufacturing lost output because its ability to compete in global markets - some manipulated by egregious foreign mercantilist policies, others supported by better national competiveness policies, like lower corporate tax rates-declined significantly.Īging Rust Belt cities are some of the leaders in healthcare job growth despite stagnant or decreasing populations, even amid mounting pressure to cut healthcare costs. Not only did America lose 5.7 million manufacturing jobs, but the decline as a share of total manufacturing jobs (33 percent) exceeded the rate of loss in the Great Depression. manufacturing suffered its worst performance in American history in terms of jobs. Instead, high employment growth occurs through more complicated labor dynamics involving high job turnover. This suggests that high employment growth is not simply related to strong job creation or rapid job destruction. ![]() However, what is surprising is that the areas with high employment growth also had high rates of job destruction. Metropolitan areas in the Rust Belt with the highest employment growth rates between 19 had higher rates of job creation than other metropolitan areas. plagued by a declining population, a weakened economy, and urban decay due to a faltering industrial sector. Historically, the term “Rust Belt” has been used to characterize a portion of the Northeastern and Midwestern U.S.
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